In most 27,31,33,34 but not all 35 studies, patients had fewer and more Figure 1. The recommended humidity Xa is between ECG and fewer ectopic beats during sauna than during 40 and 70 g of water vapor per kg of air, with relative humidity exercise. The authors concluded that this indicated myocardial ischemia during sauna bathing, with an average total secretion of 0. Luurila 27,28 observed the sauna bathing habits rate 10,12,19 , while cardiac stroke volume does not of consecutive patients after acute myocardial infarc- change 12, The effect of sauna bathing on blood tion.
Most men took sauna regularly before the infarction pressure is variable Table 1. Frequent sauna bathing and 80 men restarted sauna bathing an average of 7 weeks improves heat tolerance and reduces the magnitude of after the infarction range 3 to 24 weeks At year the changes The cardiovascular changes associated with cold exposure are generally opposite to those of sauna bathing: the heart rate decreases and stroke volume and the diastolic and systolic blood pressure in- crease 20 — The workload of the heart is increased 20 — Within a few hours after sauna bathing or cold exposure, these cardiovascular differences are no longer present 7,11, Sudden Death and Coronary Heart Disease Very few sudden deaths take place during or after sauna bathing.
Of all sudden deaths 6, in Finland within 1 year, only 1. One third of these were accidental, due to consumption of alcohol or drowning; the majority of the nonaccidental deaths were due to acute myocardial in- farction in which alcohol intake was an important con- Figure 2. Mechanical ventilation is recommended for indoor tributing factor Another study examined all autop- saunas. The vent for incoming fresh air should be at least 50 cm sied cases of sudden death 2, during a 1-year period above the sauna heater and the vent for outgoing air should be in Finland and found that only 67 2.
Sauna bathing was not associated with reinfarction or Hypertension sudden death 27, Winterfeld et al 29,30,32 studied Most patients with essential hypertension tolerate sauna the effects of regular sauna bathing as part of a rehabili- bathing well, and their hemodynamic changes are similar tation program.
Biweekly sauna bathing for 3 months to those of healthy subjects 19,29,30, Similar results biweekly sauna bathing lowered mean blood pressure were seen after a 3-year period Similar results were seen after a 3-year pe- Drinking alcohol while sauna bathing can create serious riod However, these studies were not randomized, health risks and should be avoided Alcohol con- and patient selection criteria were not described. A double-blind crossover with coronary heart disease 23,24,41— Almost all study of 11 hypertensive patients found that atenolol re- of hyperthermia deaths in Finland from to duced the increase in heart rate and decreased systolic took place in saunas and were considered accidents blood pressure during sauna bathing, whereas diltiazem Of the sudden deaths occurring in Sauna generally has been contraindicated for patients saunas in the province of Uusimaa population 1.
Studies indicate that the high incidence of lung cancer The sauna used in these investigations was not a in Finland is attributable to smoking habits and occupa- typical Finnish sauna but an experimental infrared-ray tional exposure and not to sauna bathing 71, Sauna bathing has been used as thermal therapy to treat pain and other symptoms of rheumatic disease, although Cardiovascular Contraindications clinical studies are limited.
Decompensated heart failure and car- bathing alleviated pain and improved joint mobility. Ap- diac arrhythmia are relative contraindications 28, Elderly sauna bath 73, Sauna bathing relieved pain in 22 of persons prone to orthostatic hypotension should be cau- 74 subjects with chronic neuropathic pain and had no tious in the sauna because a decrease in blood pressure effect in 44 73, The mechanisms by which sauna al- may cause syncope, usually just after sauna Re- exposure on the pharmacokinetics of drugs.
The effects of peated stays in the sauna 30 minutes 4 times per day for hyperthermia on the absorption, distribution, and elim- 7 days cause no withering of the skin and no change in ination 54 of orally administered drugs were shown to transepidermal water loss 76, Although sauna bath- be minor in studies with propranolol 47 , captopril 47 , ing is seldom used as a therapy for skin disease, it may midazolam 55,56 , ephedrine 55 , and tetracycline benefit patients with psoriasis by helping to keep skin Increased skin blood flow during sauna did, how- lesions free of thick scales In some atopic subjects ever, enhance the systemic absorption of transdermally and patients with cholinergic urticaria, sauna bathing administered nitroglycerin 58 and nicotine The may cause intense itching of the skin Contact urti- absorption of subcutaneously administered rapid-acting caria related to the use of birch sprig whisks during sauna soluble insulin was improved in men with insulin-depen- bathing an old tradition in Finland is rare It may dent diabetes 60 , whereas the absorption of intermedi- be possible to acquire fungal infections of the feet from ate-acting amorphous insulin was not changed during the floor of the washing room 79 , but the acquisition of sauna bathing The hor- Patients with asthma or chronic bronchitis report that monal changes related to sauna use are summarized in sauna bathing improves their breathing Twelve pa- Table 2.
Changes in the endocrine system are brief and tients with obstructive pulmonary disease who took reversible, with no permanent effects Studies by Ernst et al 66 and Einenkel 67 suggest that regular sauna bathing SYSTEM may reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections, Fertility but sauna should be avoided during the acute phase of an Sauna bathing does not influence fertility.
In men, serum infection Prolactin lowest in the world 96, A few studies have tral nervous system defects and born with orofacial reported decreased sperm count or decreased sperm defects from to and equal numbers of matched movement after sauna bathing 88 — Finnish men, controls.
In another study, Tik- Finland than in Britain 93 , suggesting that the heat of kanen et al 99 interviewed the mothers of all infants the sauna does not reduce fertility. In a anomalies A prospec- bathing is safe during the uncomplicated pregnancies of tive follow-up study examining the effects of heat expo- healthy women who are accustomed to sauna 97, These pregnancies continued to ital malformations.
Almost all mothers in Finland take term, and the newborns were healthy ,, Although sweating may increase itching in patients with atopic der- Healthy children who are accustomed to sauna bathing matitis, patients with psoriasis may experience some re- tolerate it well when their parents supervise bathing time lief Larger randomized studies are needed to estab- and temperature. In Finland, children typically take lish the clinical relevance of these findings.
Chil- pregnancies , and for patients with unstable an- dren usually have shorter sauna baths 5 to 10 minutes gina pectoris, recent myocardial infarction, and severe than their parents and sit on the lower bench where the aortic stenosis 28, Decompensated heart failure and temperature is not as hot Most respiratory , patients with coronary heart disease, but these occur less hormonal , , and cardiovascular , frequently during sauna bathing than during exercise changes were similar to those of adults.
The ability to 27,31,33, Blood pressure may decrease after sauna, maintain stroke volume, however, was impaired, espe- sometimes resulting in syncope Alcohol intake cially in younger children aged 2 to 5 years who had the while sauna bathing can create serious health risks and greatest increase in heart rate Cardiac output was should be avoided.
Although there were no signifi- The excellent help of Marja Snyder in the literature search is cant ST-segment depressions, 3 children had extrasysto- greatly appreciated. We also thank Ellen K. Shair, MA, for edit- les One 5-year-old girl with a wandering pace- ing the manuscript. Traditional use of the sauna for hygiene and health in Finland. Ann Clin Res. Valtakari P. The sauna and bathing in different countries. Schoolfield GC, ed.
The Kalevala, Epic of the Finnish People. For most healthy people, as well as for most patients with [Translated by Eino Friberg. Sauna—made in Finland. Tampere, Finland: Tammi; The physiological Table 1 and hormonal 5. Table 2 changes that occur during sauna bathing are ; — Sauna bathing does not cause drying of the skin 6.
Human thermoregulation in sauna. The effects of hyperthermia on the pharmacoki- ; — Kauppinen K. Facts and fables about sauna.
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Effect of exposure to sauna heat on neuropathic and rheumatoid pain. A list of things to be careful of would be really appreciated. Otherwise nice article. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. What is a Sauna? Different Types of Saunas Today, saunas are an everyday part of many cultures, from the Finnsh outdoor saunas to the Swedish batsu, the Korean jjimjilbangs, and Japanese sento.
What Happens in the Body? Slow down Father Time aka: aging! Cell regeneration means you slow the aging process. Detoxify heavy metals and chemicals. Everyday exposure to potentially toxic heavy metals through a variety of sources means even the most health conscious people still have toxins in the body.
Regular sauna bathing helps excrete toxins such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Make your heart happy and healthy. Reduce blood pressure. Sauna heat helps widen blood vessels and improve circulation, which reduces blood pressure.
Optimize athletic performance.
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