Benefits of sauna pdf


















In most 27,31,33,34 but not all 35 studies, patients had fewer and more Figure 1. The recommended humidity Xa is between ECG and fewer ectopic beats during sauna than during 40 and 70 g of water vapor per kg of air, with relative humidity exercise. The authors concluded that this indicated myocardial ischemia during sauna bathing, with an average total secretion of 0. Luurila 27,28 observed the sauna bathing habits rate 10,12,19 , while cardiac stroke volume does not of consecutive patients after acute myocardial infarc- change 12, The effect of sauna bathing on blood tion.

Most men took sauna regularly before the infarction pressure is variable Table 1. Frequent sauna bathing and 80 men restarted sauna bathing an average of 7 weeks improves heat tolerance and reduces the magnitude of after the infarction range 3 to 24 weeks At year the changes The cardiovascular changes associated with cold exposure are generally opposite to those of sauna bathing: the heart rate decreases and stroke volume and the diastolic and systolic blood pressure in- crease 20 — The workload of the heart is increased 20 — Within a few hours after sauna bathing or cold exposure, these cardiovascular differences are no longer present 7,11, Sudden Death and Coronary Heart Disease Very few sudden deaths take place during or after sauna bathing.

Of all sudden deaths 6, in Finland within 1 year, only 1. One third of these were accidental, due to consumption of alcohol or drowning; the majority of the nonaccidental deaths were due to acute myocardial in- farction in which alcohol intake was an important con- Figure 2. Mechanical ventilation is recommended for indoor tributing factor Another study examined all autop- saunas. The vent for incoming fresh air should be at least 50 cm sied cases of sudden death 2, during a 1-year period above the sauna heater and the vent for outgoing air should be in Finland and found that only 67 2.

Sauna bathing was not associated with reinfarction or Hypertension sudden death 27, Winterfeld et al 29,30,32 studied Most patients with essential hypertension tolerate sauna the effects of regular sauna bathing as part of a rehabili- bathing well, and their hemodynamic changes are similar tation program.

Biweekly sauna bathing for 3 months to those of healthy subjects 19,29,30, Similar results biweekly sauna bathing lowered mean blood pressure were seen after a 3-year period Similar results were seen after a 3-year pe- Drinking alcohol while sauna bathing can create serious riod However, these studies were not randomized, health risks and should be avoided Alcohol con- and patient selection criteria were not described. A double-blind crossover with coronary heart disease 23,24,41— Almost all study of 11 hypertensive patients found that atenolol re- of hyperthermia deaths in Finland from to duced the increase in heart rate and decreased systolic took place in saunas and were considered accidents blood pressure during sauna bathing, whereas diltiazem Of the sudden deaths occurring in Sauna generally has been contraindicated for patients saunas in the province of Uusimaa population 1.

Studies indicate that the high incidence of lung cancer The sauna used in these investigations was not a in Finland is attributable to smoking habits and occupa- typical Finnish sauna but an experimental infrared-ray tional exposure and not to sauna bathing 71, Sauna bathing has been used as thermal therapy to treat pain and other symptoms of rheumatic disease, although Cardiovascular Contraindications clinical studies are limited.

Decompensated heart failure and car- bathing alleviated pain and improved joint mobility. Ap- diac arrhythmia are relative contraindications 28, Elderly sauna bath 73, Sauna bathing relieved pain in 22 of persons prone to orthostatic hypotension should be cau- 74 subjects with chronic neuropathic pain and had no tious in the sauna because a decrease in blood pressure effect in 44 73, The mechanisms by which sauna al- may cause syncope, usually just after sauna Re- exposure on the pharmacokinetics of drugs.

The effects of peated stays in the sauna 30 minutes 4 times per day for hyperthermia on the absorption, distribution, and elim- 7 days cause no withering of the skin and no change in ination 54 of orally administered drugs were shown to transepidermal water loss 76, Although sauna bath- be minor in studies with propranolol 47 , captopril 47 , ing is seldom used as a therapy for skin disease, it may midazolam 55,56 , ephedrine 55 , and tetracycline benefit patients with psoriasis by helping to keep skin Increased skin blood flow during sauna did, how- lesions free of thick scales In some atopic subjects ever, enhance the systemic absorption of transdermally and patients with cholinergic urticaria, sauna bathing administered nitroglycerin 58 and nicotine The may cause intense itching of the skin Contact urti- absorption of subcutaneously administered rapid-acting caria related to the use of birch sprig whisks during sauna soluble insulin was improved in men with insulin-depen- bathing an old tradition in Finland is rare It may dent diabetes 60 , whereas the absorption of intermedi- be possible to acquire fungal infections of the feet from ate-acting amorphous insulin was not changed during the floor of the washing room 79 , but the acquisition of sauna bathing The hor- Patients with asthma or chronic bronchitis report that monal changes related to sauna use are summarized in sauna bathing improves their breathing Twelve pa- Table 2.

Changes in the endocrine system are brief and tients with obstructive pulmonary disease who took reversible, with no permanent effects Studies by Ernst et al 66 and Einenkel 67 suggest that regular sauna bathing SYSTEM may reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections, Fertility but sauna should be avoided during the acute phase of an Sauna bathing does not influence fertility.

In men, serum infection Prolactin lowest in the world 96, A few studies have tral nervous system defects and born with orofacial reported decreased sperm count or decreased sperm defects from to and equal numbers of matched movement after sauna bathing 88 — Finnish men, controls.

In another study, Tik- Finland than in Britain 93 , suggesting that the heat of kanen et al 99 interviewed the mothers of all infants the sauna does not reduce fertility. In a anomalies A prospec- bathing is safe during the uncomplicated pregnancies of tive follow-up study examining the effects of heat expo- healthy women who are accustomed to sauna 97, These pregnancies continued to ital malformations.

Almost all mothers in Finland take term, and the newborns were healthy ,, Although sweating may increase itching in patients with atopic der- Healthy children who are accustomed to sauna bathing matitis, patients with psoriasis may experience some re- tolerate it well when their parents supervise bathing time lief Larger randomized studies are needed to estab- and temperature. In Finland, children typically take lish the clinical relevance of these findings.

Chil- pregnancies , and for patients with unstable an- dren usually have shorter sauna baths 5 to 10 minutes gina pectoris, recent myocardial infarction, and severe than their parents and sit on the lower bench where the aortic stenosis 28, Decompensated heart failure and temperature is not as hot Most respiratory , patients with coronary heart disease, but these occur less hormonal , , and cardiovascular , frequently during sauna bathing than during exercise changes were similar to those of adults.

The ability to 27,31,33, Blood pressure may decrease after sauna, maintain stroke volume, however, was impaired, espe- sometimes resulting in syncope Alcohol intake cially in younger children aged 2 to 5 years who had the while sauna bathing can create serious health risks and greatest increase in heart rate Cardiac output was should be avoided.

Although there were no signifi- The excellent help of Marja Snyder in the literature search is cant ST-segment depressions, 3 children had extrasysto- greatly appreciated. We also thank Ellen K. Shair, MA, for edit- les One 5-year-old girl with a wandering pace- ing the manuscript. Traditional use of the sauna for hygiene and health in Finland. Ann Clin Res. Valtakari P. The sauna and bathing in different countries. Schoolfield GC, ed.

The Kalevala, Epic of the Finnish People. For most healthy people, as well as for most patients with [Translated by Eino Friberg. Sauna—made in Finland. Tampere, Finland: Tammi; The physiological Table 1 and hormonal 5. Table 2 changes that occur during sauna bathing are ; — Sauna bathing does not cause drying of the skin 6.

Human thermoregulation in sauna. The effects of hyperthermia on the pharmacoki- ; — Kauppinen K. Facts and fables about sauna.

Sugahara Y. Efficacy and safety of thermal vasodilation therapy by sauna in infants with severe congestive heart failure secondary to ventricular septal defect. American Journal of Cardiology.

Ohori T. Effect of repeated sauna treatment on exercise tolerance and endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure. The effects of repeated thermal therapy on quality of life in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. Waon therapy improves the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure. Waon therapy improves peripheral arterial disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Miyamoto H. Safety and efficacy of repeated sauna bathing in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: a preliminary report. Journal of Cardiac Failure. Biro S. Clinical implications of thermal therapy in lifestyle-related disease. Repeated sauna treatment improves vascular endothelial and cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure.

Imamura M. Repeated thermal therapy improves impaired vascular endothelial function in patients with coronary risk factors. Kanji G. Efficacy of regular sauna bathing for chronic tension-type headache: a randomized controlled study. The effects of repeated thermal therapy for patients with chronic pain.

Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. Repeated thermal therapy diminishes appetite loss and subjective complaints in mildly depressed patients. Psychosomatic Medicine. Oosterveld F. Infrared sauna in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical Rheumatology. Amano K. Soejima Y.

Effects of Waon therapy on chronic fatigue syndrome: a pilot study. Internal Medicine. Matsumoto S. Effects of thermal therapy combining sauna therapy and underwater exercise in patients with fibromyalgia. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. Kunbootsri N. The effect of six-weeks of sauna on treatment autonomic nervous system, peak nasal inspiratory flow and lung functions of allergic rhinitis Thai patients.

Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology. Pach D. Visiting a sauna: Does inhaling hot dry air reduce common cold symptoms? A randomised controlled trial. Medical Journal of Australia.

Kikuchi H. Effect of repeated waon therapy on exercise tolerance and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot controlled clinical trial. Umehara M. Repeated Waon therapy improves pulmonary hypertension during exercise in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Stanley J. Effect of sauna-based heat acclimation on plasma volume and heart rate variability. Zinchuk V. Sauna effect on blood oxygen transport and prooxidant-antioxidant balance in athletes. Pilch W. Changes in the lipid profile of blood serumin women taking sauna baths of various duration. Kowatzki D.

Effect of regular sauna on epidermal barrier function and stratum corneum water-holding capacity in vivo in humans: a controlled study. Effect of the sauna-induced thermal stimuli of various intensity on the thermal and hormonal metabolism in women.

Biology of Sport. Gryka D. The effect of sauna bathing on lipid profile in young, physically active, male subjects. Effect of minute sauna sessions on lipid profile in young women. Medicina Sportiva. Treatment of patients burdened with lipophilic toxicants: a randomized controlled trial. Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva. Ross G. Methamphetamine exposure and chronic illness in police officers: significant improvement with sauna-based detoxification therapy. Moher D. PLoS Medicine. Higgins J.

The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. British Medical Journal. Jadad A. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Controlled Clinical Trials. The effects of repeated thermal therapy for two patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Journal of Psychosomatic Research. Waon therapy: soothing warmth therapy. Luurila O. Sudden Coronary Death. Berlin, Germany: Karger Publishers; Cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death and the Finnish sauna bath; pp. The sauna and the heart. Journal of Internal Medicine. Cardiovascular effects of Atenolol, Scopolamine and their combination on healthy men in Finnish sauna baths.

Keast M. The Finnish sauna bath and its use in patients with cardiovascular disease. Basford J. Safety, acceptance, and physiologic effects of sauna bathing in people with chronic heart failure: a pilot report. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The link between sauna bathing and mortality may be noncausal. Miragem A. Nitric oxide-heat shock protein axis in menopausal hot flushes: neglected metabolic issues of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with deranged heat shock response.

Human Reproduction Update. Leon A. Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention.

Genuis S. Clinical detoxification: elimination of persistent toxicants from the human body. The Scientific World Journal. Sears M. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in sweat: a systematic review. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. Human excretion of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants: blood, urine, and sweat study. BioMed Research International. Human elimination of organochlorine pesticides: blood, urine, and sweat study. Human excretion of bisphenol A: blood, urine, and sweat BUS study.

Human elimination of phthalate compounds: blood, urine, and sweat BUS study. Cone E. Sweat testing for heroin, cocaine, and metabolites. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. De Giovanni N. The current status of sweat testing for drugs of abuse: a review.

Current Medicinal Chemistry. Hussain J. Working up a good sweat - The challenges of standardising sweat collection for metabolomics analysis. The Clinical Biochemist Reviews. Przewlocki R. Neuroscience in the 21st Century. Berlin, Germany: Springer; Opioid Peptides; pp. Koljonen V. Hot air sauna burns-review of their etiology and treatment. Giannetti N. Sauna-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease.

Sforza G. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a complex lung disease. Clinical and Molecular Allergy. Chen K. High-volume plasma exchange in a patient with acute liver failure due to non-exertional heat stroke in a sauna.

Annals of clinical research. View 3 excerpts, references background. Sauna-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. The American journal of medicine. Highly Influential. View 5 excerpts, references background. Alcohol and sauna bathing: effects on cardiac rhythm, blood pressure, and serum electrolyte and cortisol concentrations.

Journal of internal medicine. View 1 excerpt, references background. Sauna bather's circulation. View 6 excerpts, references background. The Finnish sauna and cardiovascular diseases. Acute hemodynamic improvement by thermal vasodilation in congestive heart failure. View 4 excerpts, references background. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja.

Effect of exposure to sauna heat on neuropathic and rheumatoid pain. A list of things to be careful of would be really appreciated. Otherwise nice article. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. What is a Sauna? Different Types of Saunas Today, saunas are an everyday part of many cultures, from the Finnsh outdoor saunas to the Swedish batsu, the Korean jjimjilbangs, and Japanese sento.

What Happens in the Body? Slow down Father Time aka: aging! Cell regeneration means you slow the aging process. Detoxify heavy metals and chemicals. Everyday exposure to potentially toxic heavy metals through a variety of sources means even the most health conscious people still have toxins in the body.

Regular sauna bathing helps excrete toxins such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Make your heart happy and healthy. Reduce blood pressure. Sauna heat helps widen blood vessels and improve circulation, which reduces blood pressure.

Optimize athletic performance.



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