The main benefit of master pages is that the site's overall appearance can be defined in a single location, thereby making it easy to update or tweak the site's layout. Define the site-wide page layout here in the master page. You can use the Design view and add whatever Layout or Web controls you need, or you can manually add the markup by hand in the Source view.
NET 2. The master page uses cascading style sheets for positioning and styles with the CSS settings defined in the file Style. A master page defines both the static page layout and the regions that can be edited by the ASP. NET pages that use the master page. With the markup entered above, switching to the Design view shows the master page's layout.
Any ASP. NET pages that use this master page will have this uniform layout, with the ability to specify the markup for the MainContent region. At this point we have a Default. While it is possible to manipulate the declarative markup of a web page to use a master page, if the page doesn't contain any content yet it is easier to just delete the page and re-add it to the project, specifying the master page to use.
Therefore, start by deleting Default. Next, right-click on the project name in the Solution Explorer and choose to add a new Web Form named Default. This time, check the "Select master page" checkbox and choose the Site. Figure 5 : Add a New Default. Instead, you need to add an item of type "Web Content Form. The new Default. Our master page includes a section for a menu or some other navigation interface.
We will create such an interface in a future tutorial. With the ASP. NET website created, our next task is to enable forms authentication.
This attribute can have one of the following four values:. By default, ASP. NET applications use Windows authentication.
If your project does not yet contain a Web. After this change, your Web. Since Web. Make sure that you set the mode attribute to Forms, with a capital "F". If you use a different casing, such as "forms", you'll receive a configuration error when visiting the site through a browser. For now, let's just use the default forms authentication settings. In order to support forms authentication our website needs a login page. As discussed in the "Understanding the Forms Authentication Workflow" section, the FormsAuthenticationModule will automatically redirect the user to the login page if they attempt to access a page that they are not authorized to view.
There are also ASP. NET Web controls that will display a link to the login page to anonymous users. This begs the question, "What is the URL of the login page? By default, the forms authentication system expects the login page to be named Login.
If you want to use a different login page URL, you can do so by specifying it in Web. We will see how to do this in the subsequent tutorial. Let's get started with the first task. Add a new ASP. NET page to the site's root directory named Login.
The typical login page interface consists of two textboxes — one for the user's name, one for their password — and a button to submit the form. Websites oftentimes include a "Remember me" checkbox that, if checked, persists the resulting authentication ticket across browser restarts.
Add two TextBoxes to Login. Also set Password's TextMode property to Password. Please try again. At this point your screen should look similar to the screen shot in Figure 9, and your page's declarative syntax should like the following:. Finally, create an event handler for the LoginButton's Click event. From the Designer, simply double-click the Button control to create this event handler.
We now need to implement task 2 in the Button's Click event handler — determining whether the supplied credentials are valid. In order to do this there needs to be a user store that holds all of the users' credentials so that we can determine if the supplied credentials match up with any known credentials. Prior to ASP. Most developers would implement the user store in a database, creating a table named Users with columns like UserName, Password, Email, LastLoginDate, and so forth.
This table, then, would have one record per user account. Verifying a user's supplied credentials would involve querying the database for a matching username and then ensuring that the password in the database corresponded to the supplied password. With ASP. When using the SqlMembershipProvider we need to implement a specific database schema that includes the tables, views, and stored procedures expected by the provider. With the Membership provider in place, validating the user's credentials is as simple as calling the Membership class 's ValidateUser username , password method , which returns a Boolean value indicating whether the validity of the username and password combination.
Seeing as we have not yet implemented the SqlMembershipProvider's user store, we cannot use the Membership class's ValidateUser method at this time. Rather than take the time to build our own custom Users database table which would be obsolete once we implemented the SqlMembershipProvider , let's instead hard-code the valid credentials within the login page itself. In the LoginButton's Click event handler, add the following code:. As you can see, there are three valid user accounts — Scott, Jisun, and Sam — and all three have the same password "password".
The code loops through the users and passwords arrays looking for a valid username and password match. If both the username and password are valid, we need to login the user and then redirect them to the appropriate page. If the credentials are invalid, then we display the InvalidCredentialsMessage Label.
When a user enters valid credentials, I mentioned that they are then redirected to the "appropriate page. Recall that when a user visits a page they are not authorized to view, the FormsAuthenticationModule automatically redirects them to the login page. That is, if a user attempted to visit ProtectedPage. Upon successfully logging in, the user should be redirected back to ProtectedPage. Alternatively, users may visit the login page on their own volition. In that case, after logging in the user they should be sent to the root folder's Default.
Assuming that the supplied credentials are valid, we need to create a forms authentication ticket, thereby logging in the user to the site. The FormsAuthentication class in the System. Security namespace provides assorted methods for logging in and logging out users via the forms authentication system.
While there are several methods in the FormsAuthentication class, the three we are interested in at this juncture are:. GetAuthCookie is handy when you need to modify the authentication ticket before writing the cookie out to the Cookies collection. SetAuthCookie is useful if you want to create the forms authentication ticket and add it to the Cookies collection, but do not want to redirect the user to the appropriate page.
Perhaps you want to keep them on the login page or send them to some alternate page. Since we want to log in the user and redirect them to the appropriate page, let's use RedirectFromLoginPage. When creating the forms authentication ticket we use the UserName TextBox's Text property for the forms authentication ticket username parameter, and the checked state of the RememberMe CheckBox for the persistCookie parameter.
To test the login page, visit it in a browser. Start by entering invalid credentials, such as a username of "Nope" and a password of "wrong". Upon clicking the Login button a postback will occur and the InvalidCredentialsMessage Label will be displayed. Next, enter valid credentials and click the Login button. This time when the postback occurs a forms authentication ticket is created and you are automatically redirected back to Default.
At this point you have logged in to the website, although there are no visual cues to indicate that you are currently logged in. In Step 4 we will see how to programmatically determine whether a user is logged in or not as well as how to identify the user visiting the page. When the user enters her credentials and submits the login page form, the credentials — including her password — are transmitted over the Internet to the web server in plain text.
That means any hacker sniffing the network traffic can see the username and password. This will ensure that the credentials as well as the entire page's HTML markup are encrypted from the moment they leave the browser until they are received by the web server.
Unless your website contains sensitive information, you will only need to use SSL on the login page and on other pages where the user's password would otherwise be sent over the wire in plain text. You do not need to worry about securing the forms authentication ticket since, by default, it is both encrypted and digitally signed to prevent tampering. A more thorough discussion on forms authentication ticket security is presented in the following tutorial.
I am trying to understand concepts of windows authentication, forms authentication and their differences. I am confused. Can someone help me in clarifying this. Windows Authentication provider is the default authentication provider for ASP. NET applications. When a user using this authentication logs in to an application, the credentials are matched with the Windows domain through IIS.
Works only on IE 5 or above. Forms Authentication - This authentication relies on code written by a developer, where credentials are matched against a database. Credentials are entered on web forms, and are matched with the database table that contains the user information.
Windows Authentication refers to authenticating against Windows user accounts on the box that the application is running on. Forms authentication is a stand alone method of authenticating in. NET forms that you can hook up to some other system, such as a database. It's pretty simple. Windows Authentication makes use of the Windows Login system. And with Forms Authentication the user will need to provide a username and password manually.
The Forms Authentication also allows you to choose where you access the login data from. It could for example be stored in your own local database. While Windows Authentication is only going to use your Windows login data. Windows Authentication -- The user will be authenticated on the IIS server against the credentials he provided when logging into his system.
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